基于激光雷达的垂直能见度反演算法及其误差评估

针对大气垂直方向上消光系数分布不均匀难以用传统方法直接测量垂直能见度的问题,提出了一种基于激光雷达探测垂直能见度的计算方法。根据大气辐射传输基本原理,借助于辐射传输方程,推导出了垂直能见度的计算公式;然后利用激光雷达原理方程和Klett算法反演出大气垂直方向上的消光系数分布,基于此提出了垂直能见度的迭代算法。最后,利用灰色模型GM(1,1)和批统计算法,对激光雷达反演得到的后向散射系数进行了评估,给出了误差置信区间为(0.760±0.339)×10^-4(srad·km)^-1。结果表明,该方法是一种特别有效的计算垂直能见度的方法,符合探测的基本需求,且误差小精度高。     

Note on rare Z-boson decays to double heavy quarkonia

Within the standard model, we have investigated rare Z-boson decays into double heavy quarkonia, \begin{document}$ Z\to VV $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ Z\to VP $\end{document}, with V and P denoting vector and pseudoscalar quarkonia, respectively. It is assumed that the leading-order QCD diagrams would give the dominant contributions to these processes, and the corresponding branching fractions, for instance, \begin{document}$ {\cal B}(Z\to J/\Psi J/\Psi) $\end{document}, have been estimated to be approximately\begin{document}$ 10^{-13} $\end{document} in literature. However, these decays could also happen through electromagnetic transitions \begin{document}$ Z\to V\gamma^* $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ Z\to P\gamma^* $\end{document}, with the virtual photon transforming into V. Interestingly, the smallness of the vector quarkonium mass can give rise to a large factor \begin{document}$ m_Z^2/m_V^2 $\end{document} relative to the QCD contributions, which thus counteracts the suppression from the electromagnetic coupling. We systematically include these two types of contributions in our calculation to predict branching fractions for these decays. Particularly, owing to the virtual photon effects, it is found that \begin{document}$ {\cal B}(Z\to J/\Psi J/\Psi) $\end{document} will be significantly enhanced, up to \begin{document}$ 10^{-10} $\end{document}.     

热激活延迟荧光材料的光物理行为及性能预测

热激活延迟荧光(Thermally activated delayed fluorescence, TADF)材料由于三线态激子可通过反系间窜越(Reverse intersystem crossing, RISC)转换为单线态激子,在有机发光二极管(Organic light-emitting diodes, OLEDs)中理论上可达到100%的激子利用率而被广泛关注。但实验上开发设计高性能TADF材料较为复杂且研究周期较长,理论研究可以从本质上建立材料结构-性能的关系,预测材料的性质并提供一定的分子设计策略。本文围绕高性能TADF材料的开发,从发光原理出发,系统阐述了分子的设计策略及光物理参数如材料单-三线态能级差(Single-triplet energy gap, ΔE_ST)、系间/反系间窜越速率、吸收/发射光谱、辐射/非辐射速率等的计算原理、计算方法和研究进展。最后我们探讨了TADF材料理论研究面临的机遇和挑战,通过对TADF材料的理论研究综述和研究前景的展望,期待吸引更多的研究工作者,推动该领域的发展和突破。     

Radiative heat transfer augmentation of natural gas flames in radiant tube burners with porous ceramic inserts

Experiments were conducted using porous ceramic inserts to enhance the radiative heat transfer from natural gas flames in a straight-through radiant tube burner. The performance of the radiant tube burner with partially stabilized zirconia and silicon carbide inserts is compared to a baseline case of no inserts at three levels of combustion air preheat. Spectral intensities, temperatures within the radiant tube burner, tube wall temperatures, and exhaust temperatures were measured to determine the effectiveness of the enhanced heat transfer due to the inserts. Exhaust emission constituents were also measured to determine the effect that the inserts have on exhaust products. NO_x emissions are reduced by up to 30% with the inserts. The silicon carbide inserts have higher spectral intensities and total radiative energy transfer than partially stabilized zirconia inserts. Both inserts have enhanced radiant heat transfer compared to the no-insert configuration, with the radiative enhancement due to inserts as great as five times that of the no-insert configuration. The net result is increased tube wall temperatures and decreased exhaust temperatures with the ceramic inserts.     

Radiative and Thermal Dispersion Effects on Non-Darcy Natural Convection with Lateral Mass Flux for Non-Newtonian Fluid from a Vertical Flat Plate in a Saturated Porous Medium

The problem of natural convective heat transfer for a non-Newtonian fluid from an impermeable vertical plate embedded in a fluid-saturated porous medium has been analyzed. Non-Darcian, radiative and thermal dispersion effects have been considered in the present analysis. The governing boundary layer equations and boundary conditions are cast into a dimensionless form and simplified by using a similarity transformation. The resulting system of equations is solved by using a double shooting Runge–Kutta method. The effect of viscosity index n, the conduction–radiation parameter R, the non-Darcy parameter Gr*, the thermal dispersion parameter Ds and the suction/injection parameter f_w on the fluid velocities, temperatures and the local Nusselt number are discussed.     

Traveling wave with allowance for equilibrium radiation

Three modes of propagation of a traveling-wave front over a noncold gas with different propagation velocities are found using one thermodynamic model. When the indicated velocity is low, transition from constant values of the gas parameters on both sides of the traveling-wave front proceeds continuously. An increase in the traveling-wave velocity leads to an isothermal jump: the density and velocity of the gas undergo a strong discontinuity whereas the temperature varies continuously. With a further increase in the traveling-wave velocity, the isothermal jump disappears and the flow becomes continuous again. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 47, No. 4, pp. 15–25, July–August, 2006.     

Wavelength selection of bidirectional laser transmission based on Monte Carlo method

The laser detection technology in uncertain and dynamic environments is of utmost importance in many fields. A model of transient radiative transfer of bidirectional path laser based on Monte Carlo method is developed to investigate the optimum wavelength of active detector at complex atmospheric conditions. The radiative parameters of atmosphere are calculated by HITRAN database and Mie theory at several typical atmospheric conditions including the standard atmosphere, urban aerosol, and radiation fog. Transmission characteristics for five spectral bands at the above atmospheric conditions are calculated by this model. The optimal transmission ability occurred in bands 0.2–0.5, 1.4–1.6, and 0.75–1.25 μm on the condition of standard atmosphere, urban aerosol, and radiation fog, respectively. All results provide effective reference and basic support for choosing the optimal spectral band for active detection.     

An exclusive event generator for e~+ e~- scan experiments

An exclusive event generator is designed for e+e-scan experiments,including initial state radiation effects up to the second order correction.The generator is coded within the framework of BesEvtGen.There are seventy hadronic decay modes available,with effective center-of-mass energy coverage from the two pion mass threshold up to about 6 GeV.The accuracy achieved for the initial state radiation correction reaches the level achieved by the KKMC generator.The uncertainty associated with the calculation of the correction factor to the initial state radiation is dominated by the measurements of the energy-dependent Born cross section.     

Study of pure and semileptonic decays of Ds meson within R-parity violating supersymmetric model

We present the comaprative study of semileptonic and leptonic decays of Ds, D±and D0meson（D →M l＋-αl-β, D → l＋αlβ, D → l＋αvα;α,β=e,μ） within the framework of R-parity violating the（ Rp） Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model（MSSM）. The comparison shows that combination and product couplings,（λβiα λ＊ ij qor λβqkλ＊αj k）contribution to the branching fractions of the said processes（under consideration） is consistent with or comparable to the experimental measurements in most of the cases. However, some cases exist where these contributions are highly suppressed. We identify such cases in our analysis and single out the important ones suitable for exploring in the future and current experiments.     

Global stability of rarefaction waves for a viscous radiative and reactive gas with temperature-dependent viscosity

We study the nonlinear stability of rarefaction waves to the Cauchy problem of a one-dimensional viscous radiative and reactive gas when the viscosity and heat conductivity coefficients depend on both density and absolute temperature. Our main idea is to use the smallness of the strength of the rarefaction waves to control the possible growth of its solutions induced by the nonlinearity of the system and the interactions of rarefaction waves from different families. The proof is based on some detailed analysis on uniform positive lower and upper bounds of the specific volume and the absolute temperature.